The ATF announced today that they plan to publish the final arm brace rule (2021R-08F) in the very near future

We have known this was a possibility for some time.  However, many of us in the industry had hoped that the very valid arguments raised during the comment period, coupled with the Bruen decision, would have caused the BATFE to pause in their headlong rush to redefine more and more firearms and accessories as subject to the National Firearms Act (NFA).

Apparently not.  Today, the ATF published the following on their website:

“On January 13, 2023, the Attorney General signed ATF final rule 2021R-08F, ‘Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached Stabilizing Braces,’ amending ATF’s regulations to clarify when a rifle is designed, made, and intended to be fired from the shoulder.”

Final Rule 2021R-08F, is a whopping 293 pages long but there are a number of key takeaways that I wanted to address (MAKE SURE TO READ TO THE END SINCE THE LAST POINT IS VITAL TO USING YOUR TRUST):

– They seemingly intend to apply the factors broadly and sweep in the majority of firearms that can host arm braces.  They have published an example document which you should take a moment and review.

– The rule is NOT yet effective since it has not yet been published in the Federal Register.  Given some of the other points I will discuss below, I anticipate that they will publish it as soon as Tuesday January 17 (Monday is a federal holiday).  NOTE:  It was not published on January 17, but I expect them to move on this quickly given their aggressive movement on announcing it on the 13th and pre-releasing the eForms update allowing free registration.

– They are offering a 120-day amnesty period following the publication of the final rule in the Federal Register during which firearms subject to the rule may be registered in the NFRTR.  This registration does NOT require the normal payment of $200 for the tax stamp.

– Please note that after this amnesty period, any firearms that meet the definition under the new rule will be deemed to be unregistered SBRs and will subject the owner to potential criminal prosecution.

– In support of my belief that they intend to publish this as soon as possible, they have already added an option on the eForms system to submit the Form 1 applications for firearms subject to the new rule which does not require the payment of the $200 tax stamp.

Please note that there are numerous reports of the eForms system crashing due to the heavy load.  I expect we will see significant disruptions in the system and in processing times during 2023 and beyond due to the glut in the system this will inevitably create.

IMPORTANT DETAILS FOR TRUST CLIENTS BELOW!

– Of particular importance to my trust clients, the ATF has taken the position that, in order to register an SBR under the free tax stamp provision of this rule, the ‘host’ (e.g. pistol, lower, etc.) must already be assigned to, or owned by, the trust prior to the date of publication of the rule (expected as early as Tuesday the 17th).

From the ATF FAQ

Therefore, make sure to use my non-NFA item assignment spreadsheet to document the assignment of any ‘host’ firearms that you may wish to SBR under this rule to your trust prior to that date!  Make sure you have the assignment spreadsheet dated as of the date you added the host to the trust and sign the assignment sheet attesting to that date.

NOTE:  I should add that I have been told that the date in the instructions on the eForms site says that the ‘host’ firearms should have been assigned to the trust prior to January 13, 2023.  However, since the rule is not properly promulgated, and therefore has no force and effect pursuant to the Administrative Procedures Act, until it is registered in the Federal Register, I believe that this is merely a ‘placeholder’ date on the site and will be updated once the rule is actually published.  If not, I believe that any denials based upon this date would be challengeable on those grounds.

There has been a fierce debate online regarding what ‘evidence’ the ATF will require with many people rushing out to have their assignment sheets notarized.  I certainly cannot guarantee how the ATF will handle this issue.  However, I can say that assignment sheets are NOT required by law to be notarized and any submission of documentation to the ATF is done under penalty of perjury.

Therefore, I personally believe that a signed and dated assignment sheet, showing that you added the host firearm prior to the publication of the final rule in the Federal Register would be sufficient.  However, I cannot guarantee how they will implement this requirement so if you wish to be truly cautious and have the opportunity, there would be no harm in getting the assignment sheet notarized between now and when the final rule is published in the Federal Register.

– Finally, they have published an FAQ answering many other questions about 2021R-08F which is worth reviewing.

Posted in 2021R-08F, Administrative Law, AR Pistols, Arm Brace, ATF, ATF Ruling, BATFE, eForms, Form 1, NFA Trusts, SBR, Short Barreled Rifles, Stabilizing Brace, Tax Stamp | Comments Off on The ATF announced today that they plan to publish the final arm brace rule (2021R-08F) in the very near future

Purchasing multiple handguns in Virginia

In 2020, the Democrat majority in the General Assembly enacted a ‘one handgun a month’ law.  That bill, SB69,  limited the number of handguns that a person could purchase within a 30-day-period to one.

The bill did provide a number of exceptions to this prohibition.  Most gun owners fall within the exception for those that hold a Virginia Concealed Handgun Permit (CHP).

However, those without a CHP may apply for a waiver by submitting an SP-207 Multiple Handgun Purchase Application.  Make sure to answer all questions completely and honestly.

If you are applying for a waiver, you will complete the form and then have it notarized.  Pursuant to 19VAC30-101-30, “[t]he applicant shall deliver such application in person to (i) State Police Administrative Headquarters, 7700 Midlothian Turnpike, Richmond, Virginia; (ii) a division headquarters or area office of the Department of State Police; or (iii) any local law-enforcement agency certified by the Department of State Police as its agent to receive such applications.

Pursuant to 19VAC30-101-80, once your application is approved “the Department of State Police shall issue or authorize its agent to issue to the applicant a nontransferable certificate authorizing the purchase of a specified number and type of handguns. The nontransferable certificate shall be valid for seven days from the date of issue.”

Make sure you give them correct contact information because the same regulation states that “The Department of State Police or its agent shall make one attempt to contact the applicant to notify the applicant of the issuance or denial of the certificate at a telephone number provided by the applicant at the time of delivery of the application.

Posted in Background Checks, CHP, Concealed Handgun Permit, Criminal Law, One Handgun a Month, Purchasing Firearms, Virginia Law, Virginia State Police | Comments Off on Purchasing multiple handguns in Virginia

Virginia law change allows some charges resolved by deferred disposition to be expunged

Back in 2017, I had written an article to answer the question “Is a charge eligible for expungement if it was dismissed following a deferred disposition?

In that article I laid out the controlling case law and determined that, at that time, the answer was ‘No‘.

However, a law passed by the General Assembly during the 1st 2020 Special Session has changed this answer somewhat.

The bill, which I have written about in regards to other important changes it made, was H.B. 5062, and, among other things, it added § 19.2-298.02 to the Code of Virginia.  Subsection D of this statute addresses a way that a charge, which was resolved by a deferred disposition, might be made eligible for expungement.  The relevant section reads:

§ 19.2-298.02. Deferred disposition in a criminal case.

D. Upon agreement of all parties, a charge that is dismissed pursuant to this section may be considered as otherwise dismissed for purposes of expungement of police and court records in accordance with § 19.2-392.2, and such agreement of all parties and expungement eligibility shall be indicated in the final disposition order.

The key takeaways from this subsection are:

  1. It is not retroactive;
  2. It requires the agreement of both the defendant and the Commonwealth Attorney; and
  3. It requires that the eligibility and the agreement of the parties be made a part of the final disposition order in the case.

In the past, deferred disposition cases have frequently been dismissed after the deferral period without the defendant or defense attorney being required to appear (so long as all conditions have been met successfully).  However, going forward, if the Commonwealth Attorney has agreed to make the charge eligible for expungement, it may be in the best interest of the defendant to arrange for the defense attorney to appear on the return date to ensure that the appropriate language is included in the final dismissal order.

Posted in Criminal Justice Reform, Criminal Law, Deferred Disposition, Expungement, Virginia Courts, Virginia Law, Virginia Politics, Virginia Supreme Court | Comments Off on Virginia law change allows some charges resolved by deferred disposition to be expunged

The new landscape for deferred dispositions in Virginia

Before we discuss the significant recent changes in deferred dispositions made by the Virginia General Assembly, I should first make sure that everyone understands the concept.

The Virginia State Crime Commission describes deferred disposition this way:

“In general, deferred disposition permits a court to withhold imposition of a sentence and place conditions on the defendant that, when met, allow for the charges to be dismissed. Deferred disposition is usually accompanied by the imposition of conditions similar to probation. Upon the satisfactory completion of all conditions, and if no other criminal offenses are committed during the period of deferment, the original charge may be dismissed.”

In short, this is an excellent tool for a criminal defense attorney when our client is a first offender, or is otherwise unlikely to commit any other offense during the period of deferment … and when it is available.  Which leads us to the reason for the recent change.

Prior to the 1st 2020 Special Session of the Virginia General Assembly, the availability of deferred disposition in a given case was often the subject of some controversy.

At the time there were approximately nine code section that specifically granted courts the ability to use deferred disposition.

However, some judges and commonwealth attorneys took the position that the ability to suspend judgment and defer disposition was an inherent power of the court and could be used in most criminal cases.

Over the last fifteen years, there were several cases that made it to the Virginia Supreme Court over some variation of this question.

During the 1st 2020 Special Session, the General Assembly passed, and the Governor signed, H.B. 5062, which clarified the issue by adding § 19.2-298.02 to the Code of Virginia.

§ 19.2-298.02. Deferred disposition in a criminal case.

A. A trial court presiding in a criminal case may, with the agreement of the defendant and the Commonwealth, after any plea or trial, with or without a determination, finding, or pronouncement of guilt, and notwithstanding the entry of a conviction order, upon consideration of the facts and circumstances of the case, including (i) mitigating factors relating to the defendant or the offense, (ii) the request of the victim, or (iii) any other appropriate factors, defer proceedings, defer entry of a conviction order, if none, or defer entry of a final order, and continue the case for final disposition, on such reasonable terms and conditions as may be agreed upon by the parties and placed on the record, or if there is no agreement, as may be imposed by the court. Final disposition may include (a) conviction of the original charge, (b) conviction of an alternative charge, or (c) dismissal of the proceedings.

B. Upon violation of a term or condition, the court may enter an adjudication of guilt, if not already entered, and make any final disposition of the case provided by subsection A. Upon fulfillment of the terms and conditions, the court shall adjudicate the matter consistent with the agreement of the parties or, if none, by conviction of an alternative charge or dismissal of the case.

C. By consenting to and receiving a deferral of proceedings or a deferral of entry of a final order of guilt and fulfilling the conditions as specified by the court as provided by subsection A, the defendant waives his right to appeal such entry of a final order of guilt.

Prior to granting a deferral of proceedings, a deferral of entry of a conviction order, if none, or a deferral of a final order, the court shall notify the defendant that he would be waiving his rights to appeal any final order of guilt if such deferral is granted.

D. Upon agreement of all parties, a charge that is dismissed pursuant to this section may be considered as otherwise dismissed for purposes of expungement of police and court records in accordance with § 19.2-392.2, and such agreement of all parties and expungement eligibility shall be indicated in the final disposition order.

With the passage of this bill, deferred dispositions became widely available as an option in almost all criminal proceedings, but with the key requirement that there be agreement of  both the defendant and the Commonwealth Attorney.

If you are facing a criminal charge, make sure to discuss with your defense attorney whether a deferred disposition is a possibility and a good idea in your case.

Next Article in the H.B. 5062 series: H.B. 5062 also changed whether a charge may be expunged based upon a deferred disposition.

Posted in Criminal Justice Reform, Criminal Law, Deferred Disposition, Virginia Courts, Virginia Law, Virginia Politics, Virginia State Crime Commission, Virginia Supreme Court | Comments Off on The new landscape for deferred dispositions in Virginia

Virginia law change requires courts to grant a Commonwealth’s motion to dismiss

With the election of several Commonwealth Attorneys across the state who had deciding not to prosecute certain crimes in the interest of criminal justice reform, some judges had refused to accept dismissal motions presented by the Commonwealth Attorneys.

However, that is no longer a possibility.  During the 1st 2020 Special Session, the General Assembly passed, and the Governor signed, H.B. 5062, which added the following language to § 19.2-265.6:

A. Upon motion of the Commonwealth to dismiss a charge, whether with or without prejudice, and with the consent of the defendant, a court shall grant the motion unless the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the motion was made as the result of (i) bribery or (ii) bias or prejudice toward a victim as defined in § 19.2-11.01 because of the race, religious conviction, gender, disability, gender identity, sexual orientation, color, or national origin of the victim.

In layman’s terms, this means that, unless the judge presiding over a matter has clear and convincing evidence of bribery or bias in the decision to dismiss a charge, the court must grant a Motion to Dismiss from the Commonwealth Attorney unless the defendant objects.

This is great news for us criminal defense attorneys (and our clients).  It allows us to work with the Commonwealth Attorney in a given matter to find a just resolution, which does not have to include prosecution.

Next Article in the H.B. 5062 series: H.B. 5062 also changed the legal landscape for ‘deferred dispositions’ in criminal cases.

Posted in Criminal Justice Reform, Criminal Law, Deferred Disposition, Virginia Courts, Virginia Law, Virginia Politics | Comments Off on Virginia law change requires courts to grant a Commonwealth’s motion to dismiss